Alcohol and Advertising Essay

â€Å"Alcohol is not often thought of as a drug – largely because its use is common for both religious and social purposes in most parts of the world. It is a drug, however, and compulsive drinking in excess has become one of modern society’s most serious problems† (ARF). This is so true because many people don’t consider alcohol a drug but the effects it has on you are so serious that it should be. â€Å"The effects of drinking do not depend on the type of alcoholic beverage – but rather on the amount of alcohol consumed on a specific occasion† (ARF). To give you a background on alcohol, here is a quick refresher on how it works and the effects it has on your body. â€Å"Alcohol is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine, and less rapidly from the stomach and colon. The drinker’s blood alcohol concentration depends on the amount consumed in a given time, the drinker’s size, sex, body build, and metabolism, and the type and amount of food in the stomach† (ARF). The effects of alcohol are very frightening to even consider. They depend on â€Å"the amount taken at one time, the user’s past drug experience, the manner in which the drug is taken and the circumstances under which the drug is taken† (ARF). At 50mg you experience mild intoxication which includes a â€Å"feeling of warmth, skin flushed; impaired judgment and decreased inhibitions† (ARF). From there you can go all the way down to 500mg which will more than likely cause death. It is an extremely scary thought to know that a substance that can cause death is freely advertised on television so that even our children can see it. In fact, they are the targets of some manufacturers marketing. In this paper we will show you both sides of whether alcohol companies should be allowed to advertise on television or not and then give you our conclusion. No – Alcohol Advertising Should Not Be Allowed On Television Alcohol companies should not be allowed to advertise on television. In today’s society, more and more children are spending all of their free time in front of a television. They don’t go outside and play anymore, they just come home from school and flip on Jerry Springer or a soap opera. Adults need to take the responsibility to protect children from undue influences as much as they can. Banning alcohol advertisements would be a simple way to help this process. In a recent study done by the Center for Media Education (CME), they found that many alcohol companies actually target youth even though it is illegal for them to drink. Companies use such things as â€Å"cartoons, personalities, language, music, or branded merchandise popular in youth culture or which would be particularly attractive to college or high-school-aged students† (CME). This shows a blatant attempt on their part to recruit new consumers who are underage. There have been previous attempts to stop alcohol companies from targeting youth such as the Voluntary Alcohol Advertising Standards for Children Act, but that is just the thing, it is voluntary. This is a try at making themselves look responsible but they still really aren’t. This Act pressures broadcasters to simply not run alcohol advertisements. It shouldn’t be the responsibility of the broadcasters to filter what goes on the air. Alcohol companies should not waste their money making these ads to begin with. Instead, they need to target a more mature audience who have the right to consume their products. The beer and liquor companies claim they don’t target youth but how can that be when you see the â€Å"Budweiser frogs or the Coors’ â€Å"Tap the Rockies† campaigns or Seagram’s dogs and Hiram Walker’s Kahlua Mudslide† (Hacker). Many of these companies have, in the past, even advertised on the youth-oriented MTV. Anheuser-Busch just recently pulled their ads off MTV. â€Å"Why did it take 10 years since â€Å"age-21† became the law of the land for the world’s largest brewer to stop competing for attention on MTV with ads for pimple control products and sports equipment† (Hacker)? â€Å"Indeed the evidence is that even young children are aware of alcohol advertisements and tend to remember them. Manufacturers further reduce the chances of young people failing to get the message by sponsorship of sports teams and events and music concerts having particular appeal to the young† (IAS). â€Å"Today, kids are bombarded by more than $700 million in beer, wine, and liquor ads on radio and television. Those ads encourage them to drink, and they bolster unacceptable levels of alcohol consumption among young people and the problems that go with it† (Hacker). When considering the Budweiser frogs, â€Å"a recent study by the San Francisco-based Center on Alcohol Advertising tested commercial and character recall among 9-11 year olds. The results: the children demonstrated higher recall (73%) of the Budweiser frogs’ slogan than of the slogans associated with other television animal characters, including Tony the Tiger (57%), Smokey the Bear (43%), and the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (39%). Only Bugs Bunny did slightly better, at 80% recall of â€Å"Eh, what’s up doc? † Overall, 81% of the children surveyed identified beer as the product promoted by the frogs† (Hacker). This is a scary revelation, that our children know more about beer ads than the cartoon characters who promote good products. There are too many people who are hurting themselves and others as a result of alcohol abuse. In the past, there have been studies done that find there is nothing wrong with alcohol companies advertising on TV, but a study done by the Marin Institute found differently. â€Å"’Until now, most of the studies done on the subject conclude that alcohol advertising doesn’t affect drinking behavior,’ says Henry Saffer, research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, ‘The alcohol industry uses these studies to bolster its argument that advertising only induces people to switch brands. These studies keep coming and find nothing because they set themselves up to find nothing’† (Abramson). â€Å"The NIAAA estimates that 14 million Americans meet the diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence and about 100,000 Americans die each year from alcohol-related injuries, one-fourth of them on the highways† (Abramson). Granted that these are not just children but they had to start somewhere too and more than likely they began drinking at a young age. One way to help reduce these injuries and deaths is to create counter-ads. â€Å"Consumption decreases as the level of counter-advertising rises. Counter-advertising could be funded by taxing alcohol advertising† (Abramson). The study done by Saffer at the Marin Institute was a long one, it took three years to complete. â€Å"’Most researchers have little money and use inexpensive or free data on alcohol advertising expenditures that measure advertising at the national level with little annual change’, says Saffer. ‘I was able to obtain quarterly data that cost more than $25,000 from 75 cities, and that made all the difference’† (Abramson). With all of his resources he was able to come to some concrete results using a proven theory. â€Å"Saffer used a theory known as the advertising response function, which says that consumption rises as advertising increases, bus as advertising reaches the point of saturation, consumption tapers off. To measure consumption, he used highway fatalities, more than 40 percent of which involve alcohol consumption† (Abramson). â€Å"Saffer’s statistical analyses of advertising expenditures showed that decreasing alcohol advertising reduces highway fatalities† (Abramson). Another survey done by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation gave remarkable results. â€Å"An overwhelming majority of Americans say they are worried about teen drinking and would support tough measures to help curb the problem† (New and Views). One particular finding was very interesting in that it said sixty-seven percent of Americans would support a ban on television advertising on liquor. If so many people want it, why isn’t on its way to becoming a law? â€Å"There are about 9 million drinkers under age 21 in the United States and half of them are binge drinkers. When they drink, teens increase their risk of violence, date rape, sexually transmitted diseases and injury or death in traffic accidents† (Health You). These kids had to learn it somewhere. Television is becoming a way of life for many teenagers and they take what is on it as the truth. For many of them, discerning between what is the truth and what is just great advertising becomes near impossible. They need help and it is our responsibility as adults to help them. There is legislation now from Representative Kennedy called the â€Å"Children’s Protection from Alcohol Advertising Act†. This â€Å"would eliminate advertising and marketing practices that have the most impact on young people. Remaining ads would, for the first time, honestly reflect that alcohol is the number-three killer in America today, taking a toll of 100,000 lives yearly. Those ads would bear a rotating series of health and safety messages, reminding all viewers and listeners of some of the major risks related to drinking. In addition, alcoholic-beverage product labels, for the first time, would be required to reveal comprehensive, useful consumer information, such as ingredients, calories, and alcohol content, expressed in unit serving terms† (Hacker). The bill would answer the concerns of many parents and adults who feel the alcohol companies go too far in targeting youths. Alcohol companies need to be more responsible for who they target and they should also be prepared to handle the consequences of their actions as more and more people die as a result of their products. They are the ones that should be held accountable for the deaths of so many innocent people. They also should include in their advertisements the real facts. Doing this may deter people from becoming alcohol abusers. The companies do not do this though, â€Å"By definition, alcohol advertising is one-sided, avoiding any reference to the negative aspects of alcohol consumption† (IAS). They need to tell the truth and the truth is that alcohol does no good for anyone, it only hurts and destroys people and the people around them. Yes – Alcohol Advertising Should Be Allowed On Television â€Å"Advertising increases alcohol consumption, which increases alcohol abuse†¦right? WRONG. There is no solid evidence from either scientific research or practical experience that this theory of advertising is correct† (Advertising Impact). Alcohol is a legal substance so why wouldn’t it be allowed to be advertised on television? The First Amendment to the Constitution gives us the right to free speech. The American Advertising Federation opposes any effort to restrict truthful advertising about any product or service. â€Å"The U. S. Supreme Court has affirmed that truthful commercial speech enjoys the free speech protections of the First Amendment – including speech about so-called sin products. The government’s right to ban a product does not give it the right to ban speech about the product† (AAF). The AAF does not want restrictions to even begin, â€Å"bans on advertising for one product or service inevitably will lead to bans on advertising for others. Censorship is contagious† (AAF). There are some that believe that the advertising would be okay if they would agree to put warnings on the advertisements. â€Å"The alcohol industry believes that the proposed requirement of warnings in alcohol advertisements is an infringement of their First Amendment rights† (Kelly). The advertising the alcohol industry does do is simply to keep the customers they already have. â€Å"The focus of alcohol advertising is to encourage existing drinkers to maintain their brand preference, or to switch brands, and that it is not intended to attract new customers† (Kelly). â€Å"Much of the debate concerns the possible effects on children and young people. The Advertising Codes prohibit the specific targeting of minors† (IAS). Most children who watch television may like the cartoon characters but that isn’t going to make them go out and demand alcohol. They shouldn’t be allowed or able to obtain it so it shouldn’t really even matter if they see the advertisements for it. â€Å"The evidence also suggests that advertising is of less importance than other influences such as parental attitudes and example and peer group pressure† (IAS). Final Conclusions As you can see from our research, there is solid evidence that advertising alcohol on television needs to stop the way it is being done right now. There are entirely too many targets put onto young viewers. The industry may claim that it is not targeting them but there is really no explanation otherwise. Mother’s Against Drunk Driving (MADD) has come up with an exceptional set of rules for advertising alcohol on television. 1. Beverage alcohol advertising should not: a. portray or encourage drinking by individuals under the age of 21; b. use celebrities, music stars, athletes, animals, cartoon characters or other language or images that have special appeal to youth; c. depict sports, rock concerts, or other events with strong appeal to youth; or d. target spring break activities or cultural, sporting, or marketing events where it can be anticipated that a majority of the audience will be made up of people under age 21. 2. Beverage alcohol advertising should not include the licensing of youth-oriented clothing or toys that feature alcohol brand names, logos, or trade characters. 2. Beverage alcohol advertising should not portray or encourage drinking by pregnant women or women who are seeking to become pregnant. 3. Beverage alcohol advertising should not model, suggest, or otherwise encourage heavy consumption. 4. Beverage alcohol advertising should not portray or encourage drinking by alcoholics or other groups particularly vulnerable to alcohol abuse. 5. Beverage alcohol advertising should not state or imply that any level of alcohol consumption is risk-free or safe. 6. Beverage alcohol advertising should not associate alcohol consumption with high-risk activities or with situations that require alertness. 7. Beverage alcohol advertising should not depict revelry or hint at the possibility of inebriation. 8. Beverage alcohol advertising should not portray drinking as a means to achieve popularity or social acceptance, sexual appeal, or social or financial status. 9. Beverage alcohol advertising should not portray drinking in association with sexual passion, promiscuity, or any other amorous activity as a consequence of or in association with alcohol consumption. These rules would be wonderful if the alcohol companies would follow them. But, with the First Amendment backing them up, they are not going to change the way they market without a fight. The cartoons are working for them, so why should they change? There is a growing problem in this country with underage and binge drinking and these advertisements are only adding to the problem. We need to stop the problem at its root, which would mean taking the Budweiser frogs off the air. This is a great step toward reducing alcohol related deaths and injuries and it isn’t like the industry would be losing any money. They may even retain more profit because their advertising expense would be dramatically cut. We need to regulate these advertisements now! Bibliography American Advertising Federation (AAF). â€Å"AAF Position Statement: Alcohol Advertising Bans†. Available: http://www. aaf. org/bans. html Abramson, Hillary. The Marin Institute. â€Å"Alcohol Ads Increase Drinking†. Available: http://www. marininstitute. org/saffer. html Addiction Research Foundation (ARF). â€Å"Facts about Alcohol†. Available: http://www. arf. org/isd/pim/alcohol. html â€Å"Advertising Impact on Alcohol Abuse†. Available: wysiwig://9/http://www2. potsdam. ed†¦-info/Advertising/Advertising. html Center for Media Education (CME). â€Å"Alcohol Advertising Targeted at Youth on the Internet: An Update†. Available: http://tap. epn. org/cme/981218/alcrep. html Hacker, George. Center for Science in the Public Interest. Available: http://www. cspinet. org/booze/hacker. html Hacker, George. Press Conference on Alcohol Advertising Reforms. May 16, 1997. Available: http://www. cspinet. org/booze/516state. html Health You. May/June 1998. â€Å"Proms, Parents and Alcohol†. Available: http://www. lvhhn. org/healthy_you/magazine/proms_alcohol/ IAS. Available: http://www. ias. org. uk/factsheets/advertising. htm Kelly, Kathleen and Ruth Edwards. â€Å"Image Advertisements for Alcohol Products: Is There Appeal Associated with Adolescents’ Intention to Consume Alcohol? † Adolescence. Spring 1998. V33 n129 p47(13).

Herr Samsa Is Content Essay

In ‘Metamorphosis’ by Franz Kafka, Gregor Samsa, the main character turns into an insect. Although many would argue that this transformation is literal, I would argue that Kafka uses it as a metaphor or some other form of symbol. If my theory is right, this metaphor is used as a means of portraying the dehumanisation and hence insanity of Gregor Samsa caused by the intense stress and demands of his daily job that he worries about so much. I also believe that Kafka uses the particular case of Gregor to represent a whole generation of workers that all fear the same fate. Herr Samsa, Gregor’s father, in particular fears this and having seen what he fears most in his son, he becomes violent and aggressive towards him; eventually delivering him a slow, gradual death. To support this argument, we find out that, even before the actual transformation, Gregor behaves strangely with regards to his work; studying train timetables for example. It is for this reason that I have decided to carry on with this idea. With Gregor dying at the end of the novella, I decided to use this metaphor of dehumanisation again and apply it to another one of the workers of the same generation as Gregor’s – his sister’s boyfriend that she has found since the Samsa family left their home to start a new life. In order for my adaptation of Kafka’s extended metaphor to be successful, I have had to adopt his style of writing, something that is very particular to Kafka. Kafka uses long sentences yet keeps the novella moving at quite a fast pace. This is because he pays great attention to detail and turns each detail into something significant. Despite this, he is not particularly descriptive concerning the settings that he has chosen in Metamorphosis. This has the particular effect of rendering the scenes of ‘Metamorphosis’ full of action and gripping for the reader. This is what I have tried to apply in my extension of Kafka’s fantastic tale. Grete watched her father open the door, pull his feet across the mat, throw his overcoat off his shoulders and drop it on the banister. He took both his daughter’s shoulders, smiled at her for a moment with an expression that could only be associated with pride and then gently kissed her forehead. He then moved on to the kitchen, Grete in his footsteps. Once there, he placed his hand on his wife’s shoulder, squeezed it, asked her what was for supper and, in turn, kissed her. Herr Samsa presently moved to the living room and with a pleasant sigh of relief he settled into an armchair and watched in amusement as Grete gazed fixedly at the clock on the wall counting down the seconds. At precisely five, the doorbell rang and Grete let out a little squeal of delight before glancing sheepishly at her father and rushing off to answer it. The same routine had not changed one bit for the last two months yet Herr Samsa could not complain. He knew that five was the time when he could afford himself the pleasure of watching his daughter’s face light up, making her even more beautiful; reminding him of the attractive and successful woman she was turning into. He had never been happier. Simple and polite but pleasant conversation came from the kitchen – a mixture of questions, exclamations and quiet laughter. Following this, Grete entered with Franz who greeted Herr Samsa with a gentle inclination of his head. â€Å"Ah! Franz my son! How are you? And how are things at work?† asked Herr Samsa. â€Å"Well, as you know sir, not too well I’m afraid. We all have a ridiculous amount of work to get through and I, for one, can hardly cope. The only thing that keeps a smile on my face is the prospect of coming to visit your daughter each evening.† Grete looked up at him adoringly and smiled before turning to her father with a face that begged no more talk of work matters. Accepting this, Herr Samsa looked at them both. â€Å"Very well. Off you go.† â€Å"Thank you, sir† replied Franz and he eagerly scuttled behind the beautiful young woman who led him to the parlour. Herr Samsa got up and poured himself a small glass of schnapps and settled back down into the warmth of his armchair. As he let his eyes close, he reflected upon how much better life was now. Even going back to work didn’t bother him in the least. He felt healthier and fitter than he had been in a long time and he was now always able to join in with the family walks on Sundays. Franz also came with them. The four of them would walk with their arms linked, talking and laughing with a spring in their step. Thus half an hour passed very happily for Herr Samsa before he was called to join the rest of his family at the dinner table. Grete was rather sullen right throughout the meal. Her usual manner of vigorously attacking her food was not there. Eventually, whilst Grete’s mother was in the kitchen, clearing the table, he asked her what the matter was. She dismissed the question with another intense stare at the table so her father thought it best to leave the matter alone. The next evening, the atmosphere at the dinner table was tense once again. Grete insisted on glaring sullenly at her plate. Again, Herr Samsa asked her what the matter was whilst his wife was busy in the kitchen. Once more, she tried to ignore him but this time, her father insisted and she lifted her face, covered in tears, before answering. â€Å"He’s exhausted†¦I can’t stand it anymore†¦he puts on a brave face†¦but with me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She desperately tried to control herself but burst into tears. Frau Samsa, who had come back into the room, put her arm round her and encouraged her to go on. Grete’s parents watched, bemused and shocked, for this was the first time they had seen her cry since they’d decided to restart their lives. Seeing the discomfort in her parents’ faces, Grete took a deep breath and started again. â€Å"He doesn’t complain about it but when we’re alone, he talks about nothing but work, almost as if he doesn’t know how to talk about anything else. Just last night, instead of talking to me, he spent two whole hours studying a train timetable! And he’s developed a regular twitch†¦spasms every now and then. He’s not really†¦my Franz†¦anymore.† The following evening, nothing changed. As always, Herr Samsa was met in the hallway by his daughter whom he embraced before making his way to the kitchen, in order to greet his wife. As Grete waited for the clock to approach five, she had the same anxious look on her face. But it faded and was replaced with a frown because as the hands hit five she heard a far-off cry. She glanced at her father but he obviously hadn’t heard it and so she continued waiting. She was silently surprised that Franz hadn’t turned up yet, despite the fact that it wasn’t even a minute past yet. As she continued waiting, now perched on the arm of one of the sofas, she heard another cry, closer this time and it resembled more a scream. Yet again, Herr Samsa had not noticed but he was watching Grete with amusement as she visibly became more and more nervous as the minutes went by. Once again, a scream came from up the road. This time, it was accompanied by the smashing of a window. Grete rushed to the living room window and pressed herself up against the window to see what was going on. The last cry had even managed to reach her father and he too had jumped out of the comfort of his chair to see what was going on. Both wore anxious looks upon their faces and as more shouts of terror approached their house, Frau Samsa joined them from the kitchen, wiping the backs of her hands in her apron as she walked. â€Å"Where’s Franz?† she asked immediately. A look of horror crossed Grete’s face as it occurred to her that the angry manifestation outside and Franz’s lateness could be linked. She tried desperately to see what was going on through the living room window but the angle wasn’t wide enough. A couple of flying stones and an apple came into her field of vision and with that she rushed to the front door with both her parents close behind her. It was as she grabbed the cold brass handle to pull the door open that she realised what this was. She remembered the conversation last night at the table and, sure enough, as she hastily poked her head through the door and looked down the street, she clasped her heart. Franz was there sure enough, scuttling desperately down the street, followed by an angry mob yelling at him in disgust and flinging stones of hatred at him. Before her parents were able to see anything, she ran back in, bolted the door and sunk to the floor. Bibliography à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka, translated by Malcolm Pasley, Penguin, 2000

Motivation Towards Becoming a Physician Assistant Personal Statement

Motivation Towards Becoming a Physician Assistant - Personal Statement Example On other occasions, I attend a postpartum mother in disseminated intravascular coagulation, a heart surgery that has gone bad, or a severe gastrointestinal bleeder. I handled different cases like these every day and it has not only taught me how to manage a situation in a stressful environment but also the importance of working together in a medical team. However, as soon as the physician ceases issuing orders, the interaction I had with a patient stops. Every patient then becomes just another sample and a name. Despite the satisfaction I derive from being a part of a recovery team, my role leaves me with questions about the patient's conditions and recovery, to which I receive no answers. This imbibed a feeling within me that I should do something more than just the mechanical duties. I wanted also to experience the humanitarian part of actually caring for a patient. Even though labs play a crucial role in diagnosis, I still feel that I am not contributing much towards the caring aspect in the performance of my duties as a health worker. Therefore, I started volunteering in the emergency and neonate intensive care unit where I worked.

Animal Liberation Front (ALF) - USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Animal Liberation Front (ALF) - USA - Essay Example According to media and other researchers, the group could not stand against criminal like activities that were being conducted in the name of animal liberation under the flag or ALF or any other name. During 2002 the department that is responsible for monitoring and controlling extremist like activities reported that ALF has used violent terrorist like activities for their operations and have cost billions by destroying property but have ensured that no human being is harmed 2. 1. Don Liddick,. Eco-terrorism: radical environmental and animal liberation movements. Westport, (Conn.: Praeger, 2006) 127. 2. Yonah Alexander and Michael Kraft (eds.). Evolution of U.S. counterterrorism policy. Westport, (Conn.: Praeger Security International, 2008) 241 - 250. During the period of 2005, homeland security department of US compiled a list of groups that may be a serious terrorist threat to US and within that list, ALF was even considered as a plausible terrorist threat and the US decided to us e its resources against their activities 2. The history of this group can be dated back to the end of 1963 when John Prestige, a British news reporter, gained the duty of viewing an event where hunters had to hunt a deer who was pregnant 3. He stood against this activity and formed HAS (Hunt Saboteurs Association); the aim of this association was to make sure that huntsmen fail in their act of hunting 3. Later, one of the group members named Ronnie Lee made his own group to help animals, this group comprised of young individuals who were against the act of animal brutality, and the group was recognized as the Band of Mercy 4. ALF came into existence and made its appearance when the founder of HAS was taken into defense officials custody for conducting a raid on the Oxford Laboratory Animal Colonies. People revolted against their arrest and later the founder was assigned imprisonment for three years from where he continued to pursue animal liberation by going on a hunger strike and d emanding for vegetarian food in jails 5. Later he was released on parole basis for 12 months; as soon as he gained freedom, he started his activities and to make the group look fiercer to others, he changed the name of the group from Band of Mercy to Animal Liberation Front 6. 3. Norm Phelps. The longest struggle: animal advocacy from Pythagoras to PETA. (New York: Lantern Books, 2007) 201 4. Margaret Pasewicz,. Cultural encyclopedia of vegetarianism. Santa Barbara, (CA: Greenwood, 2010) 27 5. Harvey Kushner, W. Encyclopedia of terrorism. Thousand Oaks,( Calif.: Sage Publications, 2003)10 6. Gus Martin,. The Sage encyclopedia of terrorism. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, (Calif.: SAGE Publications, 2011) 45 The group was not only active behind the walls, they even conducted their activities outside the wall, the group had no leader and group members had to follow the stated guidelines of the movement at all times. According to the movements guidelines, to increase economic cost of those who make revenues by manipulating animals, to provide freedom to animals from places where they were treated very badly, to publicize the harsh treatment animals had to go through, to ensure that no animal was being harmed and those individuals who were living in accordance to the constitution created by the movement were entitled as members of ALF even if they had not

Analysis of Organs for Sale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of Organs for Sale - Essay Example ntries continue to writhe in harsh living conditions, sometimes even lacking food and shelter, rich people suffering from end-stage renal have more than enough money but lack proper mechanisms to acquire kidneys to save their lives. This is to say that rich people in urgent need of kidneys and have the resources to acquire them, but lack legal means to acquire kidneys speedily since they have to wait their turn in the long donor list (Mackay 2). On the other hand, poor people living in third world countries are largely willing to sell their organs such as kidneys for meager amounts if only to save them from starvation and bankruptcy. MacKay’s primary purpose is to articulate how a legal and regulated organ selling environment will allow both donors and recipients to benefit from organ sale, which is presently conducted illegally and without guarantees to both recipient and donor (Mackay 7). MacKay argues that a legal and regulated organ selling milieu will allow donors, whether in first or third world countries to gain financially from their courageous acts of parting with an organ of their bodies. At present, the organ selling business is tilted in favor of the recipients, doctors who perform the operations and agents who arrange for the operation, placing the donors at a disadvantageous position since they receive amounts as low as $1,000 for selling a vital part of their bodies. With regard to the quality of MacKay’s argument, it is evident that she is quite passionate regarding the topic of organ sale. MacKay effectively articulates her stance, using emotion to exemplify her key points and stances. The argument aims at instigating emotional responses such as compassion, empathy and sympathy towards both organ donors and recipients who suffer immensely in the current organ sale environment. The argument draws on the morality of allowing both kidney donors and recipients to benefit from a legal and fully regulated atmosphere in which they can purchase and

London underground Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

London underground - Essay Example It is also the first railway network to operate electric trains, in 1890, which now forms part of Northern line. The purpose of this paper is to explore the history of the London underground, its map design, services, fare, and system. It will also discuss improvements that need to be made in order to improve its functionality, especially with regard to whether or not a ladies carriage should be opened. Finally, the paper will discuss the safety issues and the ridership statistics. The history of railway construction in the United Kingdom can be traced back to early 19th century in which six railway terminals were built on the outskirts of London at around 1854. This include the Euston, King’s Cross, London Bridge, Waterloo, Paddington and Bishopsgate. During this period, there was only the Fenchurch Street that was located at the central business district of London City. This saw an increase in traffic jams, partly due to the desire for rail travelers to be able to reach the city centre by road. Therefore, as a means to decongest traffic in London, a proposal that had been made in 1830s, to construct an underground railway to connect the London City with the mainline terminals was re-energized in 1850s. This was due to the public pressure exerted on the government by commuters who were concerned about the traffic congestion in the city, which led to a lot of delays to reach the London’s city centre where they worked. As a result, in 1855, an Act of Parliament was passed approving the building of an underground railway between Farringdon Street through King’s Cross and Paddington, which was to be called the Metropolitan Railway. The project received a financial backing from Great Western Railway (GWR) when it consented that a junction would be constructed to link underground railway and mainline terminus at Paddington. Moreover, the GWR also accepted to design distinctive trains to link with the new subterranean

Analyse and 'Evaluate' the Business Strategy that J Sainsbury Ltd. has Essay

Analyse and 'Evaluate' the Business Strategy that J Sainsbury Ltd. has Pursued - Essay Example The strategic imperatives have shifted towards a priority emphasis in order to develop a superior capacity to reinvest the business model (Cravens, 2010, p.20). Sainsbury mission and goal is to become the first choice of its customers in terms of food, deliver products which are of outstanding quality and service available at a competitive cost by means of working in a simpler, faster and together. Sainsbury have made fundamental changes which have transformed the business but in the course of action the company has stayed true to its heritage. Sainsbury passion towards food at fair prices and its ethical approach have remained central for their success (J Sainsbury Plc, 2012). Figure 1: Business Strategy and Objectives (Source: J Sainsbury Plc-a, 2012) Bowman Strategic Clock The strategy clock which was coined by Cliff Bowman encouraged the mangers to consider competitive advantage with relation to cost advantage or differentiation (see appendix 1). It focuses on the price of the cu stomers and their perceived value of the goods and services. It has been argued that Sainsbury pursue a differentiation strategy while others might argue that it has adopted the low cost strategy. It could be however said that the organisation has adopted both differentiation and low cost strategy and can be termed as â€Å"stuck in the middle† (Mantle, 2012). Theories and Analysis SWOT Analysis has been performed in order to consider the internal and external factors of Sainsbury (See Appendix 3). J Sainsbury has been able to tackle the problem as it has been able to build the trust and can have faith on its customers at the worst condition. But the competition is also intense between the top four food retailers in UK and the hard discounters. It has been noted that Tesco and Asda are the top most retailers in UK and they have expanded in almost every part of the globe and this is where Sainsbury lacks and falls behind its current competitors (Mantle, 2012, p.7). Sainsbury c an try to overcome its weakness by applying its strength and overcome its threat by applying the opportunity. As per the TOWS Matrix, (Appendix 6) Sainsbury has a huge opportunity to tap the emerging nations with its diversified portfolio and with its good corporate image. The online shopping has evolved over the years and with a change in customers mind set and lifestyle, and is mostly dominated by the major food retailers (Mintel, 2011). It is the second largest food online retailer in UK and its business grew by 20% over the years (McGrath, 2012). Sainsbury is also trying to develop a presence in the drugstore category but it would result in huge risk for the company as Boots has already acquired a majority of the market share (Data monitor, 2002). To tackle the external environment PEST analysis has been conducted. Sainsbury needs to consider the external environment in order to proceed successfully and take measures of the upcoming shortfalls with respect to the external envi

Case Study problems (4) Chapter 15 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Problems (4) Chapter 15 - Case Study Example Additionally, through Dutch auction IPO, there is no audited financial report requirement thus the external auditors fees are avoided. Based on the low costs of holding the IPO using Dutch auction as compared to traditional IPO, S&S Air should go public through Dutch auction IPO. In calculating the optimal size of IPO, the company should compare its financial and operational performance with that of few public-owned firms within the Air industry. The firm in collaboration with the underwriter should base their prices after analyzing the market price ratios, making the appropriate adjustments based on the companies-specific differences (Benninga and Sarig 411). In this way, they determine the maximum and minimum share price. This is followed by gathering recent IPO market information and lastly setting a final offer price. The major advantage of increasing the size of S&S Air IPO to $80 is that the company will raise more funds that are needed to support its current growth and future expansion. However, the major disadvantage is that it is costly for a firm leading to low profitability. S&S Air underwriter fees amount to $4,200,000 calculated as (.07*60,000,000). Adding the to all the other IPO direct costs, the total costs amounts to $6,358,500. As a percentage of the funds received, the IPO will cost the company $6,358,500/60,000,000*100=10.60% (Benninga and Sarig 411). During the initial public offering, the company through the corroboration with its investment bank has the duty of setting the price of its shares. In this regard, the employees should render their shares to be sold during the IPO since in the secondary offering, the shares prices will significantly be determined by the market forces. Additionally, the demand for shares in the secondary market will be low since most of the external investors will be watching

Tourism Concepts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Tourism Concepts - Research Paper Example San Diego County is a county located in the southwestern corner of the State of California (San Diego, 2010). It is the most newest and dynamic metropolitan areas in the country America. San Diego has an attraction that can draw people’s attention towards it. The sights and sounds of the city center is the objective of the attraction. With the inland mountains and one of the most beautiful natural harbors in the world, San Diego is a result of years of development and vitalization (Trains Magazine, 2009). The report will be discussing the places of attraction situated at San Diego, the facilities of food, accommodation, and transportation. It will also be presenting the culture, hospitality of people, and the infrastructure of the county. This report will mainly be targeting the tourists and tourism planners. San Diego is considered as one of the most developed and pleasant counties of America. There are many attractive and major sites of interest for the tourists and the tourism planners. Alta Vista Garden is a garden that is established with the theme of bringing together people, nature, and art. The garden is situated on over 14 acres and the admission is free for the public (Kragen, 2009). The garden is a cultural botanical park and provides an interactive method to teach botany and other subjects to the students. The water paths are constructed in such a way that the water falls into natural pools and gives a natural waterfall-look. The other places of interest include Lego land, which is a theme park. It is the only Lego land situated outside of Europe. Lego land has nine main sections, each constructed on a separate theme (Kragen, 2009). Mission Bay is a recreational area includes sea world, and Fiesta Island etc. Mission Bay has sandy beaches spread over miles with a long pedestr ian path. It is the largest man made Aquatic Park in America (National Park Services, 2009). Sea world is famous for

Your work role Essay Example for Free

Your work role Essay Bi Firstly my employer expects me to attend all training, supervisions and meetings, and also to follow the policies and procedures that the home has set up. Some standard procedures set in place include ‘whistle blowing’. Staff with serious concerns about any aspect of the organisation or the work force will be supported in sharing those concerns and will be protected from reprisal or victimisation. The incident should be discussed in the first incidence with the manager or if this is not reasonably possible it should be discussed with John’s parents. This complaint should be recorded in writing and signed as a true record by both parties. ‘Gross Misconduct’, conduct or such a nature that fundamentally breaches the employees contract which justifies dismissal without warning or notice. Zero tolerance to drugs or alcohol at the workplace or for anybody who is already intoxicated at the workplace. Also no smoking inside the workplace. Pay rates set up at different rates for different times ie higher pay at weekends and nights. Time and a half for bank holidays. Health and safety procedures refer to the ‘health and safety at work act 1974’ which is up in the staff bedroom. Reporting lateness- always phone to give reasons why and estimate time of arrival. Sickness, no sick pay as such and 8 or more days requires a sick note from the doctor. see more:explain expectations about own work role as expressed in relevant standards. Bii The information that must be shown on my payslip is ‘gross pay’ and ‘take-home’ after deductions. Deductions are tax and national insurance. My tax code and national insurance number should also be shown on my payslip. Biii Change of address Change of name Biv If I wanted to raise a grievance at work I would go to my team leader first. If I felt that I needed to take the issue further, I would then go to the parents of the person I support. If the matter needed to be taken further I would go to the social worker of my client. Bv 1. Data protection: Never give the name, address, email address or phone number away unnecessarily of the person I support. 2. Grievance: Take any issues to my team leader or the clients parents for discussion. 3. Conflict management: We would manage any conflict by coming together as a team and discussing the matter further to voice our opinions so we can move on from the matter professionally. 4. Anti-discriminatory practice: As a team we believe in peoples right to respect I relation to their age, disability, ethnicity, gender, health, religious beliefs and sexuality. 5. Health and Safety: At my workplace we follow strict rules and regulations which cover, general duty of care, safety policy, tackling risks at source, training and supervision, work equipment, emergency arrangements, manual handling. 6. Confidentiality: Maintaining trust and respect is always a priority in my workplace though we will share confidential information when it is needed for the safety of my client. 7. Whistleblowing: If I needed to report an issue or a concern that I couldn’t go to my manager about I would go to M-A-S-H multi agency safeguarding hub where they can deal with my enquiry. Bvi I have a very important role at my workplace. I contribute to my clients general health and well being as I understand the importance of how he sits in his wheelchair, how to prevent pressure sores, medications given and all the little things that contribute to his physical health. I also contribute to his mental well being by giving him the independence he needs by letting him make choices about his own life. Bvii By following best practice in my work role ensures my client is  getting the best service and care he could get. By not following the correct requirements could lead to health problems, neglect or issues could arise within the team. Bviii My work must be influenced by national factors as rules and regulations are put in place for a reason and if I didn’t follow them, problems will arise in my way of working which will indeed have a big effect on my clients life. Bix Social Workers Social workers work with people to support them through difficult times and ensure that vulnerable people, including children and adults are safeguarded from harm. Their role is to provide support to enable service users to help themselves. They maintain professional relationships with service users, acting as guides and advocates. Care quality commission Their job is to check whether hospitals, care homes, GPs, dentists and services homes are meeting national standards. They do this by inspecting services and publishing their findings, helping people to make choices about the care they receive.

HRMs connection to strategic management

HRMs connection to strategic management 1.1 Explain Guests model of hard-soft, loose-tight dimensions of HRM. [P1] In1987 Guests said HRM is connected to strategic management of an organisation. Guest gives Human Resource Management model and dimensions of hard-soft HRM. British gas maintain Guests model like they have training system by they make their employee good at their work. They also have recruitment and selection system for collect their perfect employee. Guests model has given bellow: Hard HRM: According to the Storey (1992:29) Hard HRM is the quantitative, calculative and business strategic prospect of managing the census resources in as lucid way for any factor of production as associated with a useful-instrumentalist approach. Soft HRM: Soft HRM is an assistant with the human relations movement and the employment of individual talents (Bloisi, 2007). 1.2 Review the differences between Storeys definitions of HRM and personnel and IR Practices. [P2] Personnel management is that management which includes by job analysis, plan for personal needs, selecting appropriate people for job, mange to train, give right salary and communicate all of the employees of organisation. Human resources management is strategic management of an organisation, to achieve organisation goals and to utilize every employee for achieving organisation goals. There are huge differences between HRM and personnel management. The differences given bellow: Beliefs and assumption: Contract: Personnel management or IR contact by writing with delineation while HRM wish to go beyond contract. Rules: personnel management evaluate of discovering clear rules but HRM maintains can -do outlook impatience with rule. Managerial task vis-a-vis labour: Managerial task vis-a-vis labour of PM or IR is monitoring though HRM is nurturing. Nature of relations: Relation of PM or IR is pluralist where HRM is unitary. Conflict: PM conflict institutionalised and HRM conflict de-emphasised. Strategic aspects: Key relation: PM make their key relation with labour management while HRM evaluate customer. Initiatives: The initiative of PM is piecemeal but HRM is integrated. Corporate plan: PM corporate their plan marginal to and HRM corporate their plan central to. Speed of decision: PM takes their decision slowly but HRM can fast. Line management: Management role: Management role of PM is transactional where HRM is transformational leadership. Key managers: PM or IR specialists mange all thing at PM but in HRM, line manager do everything. Communication: PM communicates with employee indirectly but HRM communicate directly. Standardisation: Standardisation of PM is high while HRM is low. Key levers: Selection: PM select their employee separately where HRM integrated. Pay: PM pay their employee by job evaluation though HRM pay by performance. Job categories: PM has different job categories but amount of HRM is few. Job design: PM design their job through division of labour but HRM divide by teamwork (Bloisi, 2007). 1.3 Demonstrate that effective judgment has been made to establish a contribution of strategic HRM in achieving the corporate objectives. [P3] Role of line manager Introduction: The role of the line manager is to achieve organisations goals. He maintains all of things on behalf of an organisation. In the view of my case study, HR of British Gas has already maintained the role of manager. If he did not maintain the role of HR manager then organisation can not go to their goals. The role of HR manager: There are some roles of HR manager by which they run an organisation. It has given bellow: Planning, resourcing and retention: A line manager need to know how many staffs are now working, which department is busier, which department they need some people. When he will indentify this things then he will plan how many staffs he will take and how process he will take. For example Sainsbury is very busy at Saturday and Sunday. So managers of Sainsbury need more staff for these weekend day. And he also need to find out how many staff are good at for operating system. Then he will take decision for taking or recruiting people. This is the planning and resourcing role for line manager. Retention is also important role for line manager. It can be define the retention like some of staffs are recruiting for new staff, but manager have to know to know are they happy for their time being. Recruitment and selection: When manger will confirm that they need people essentially, in that time they need to find out appropriate people for their organisation, by which he can achieve their organisation goals as well. It is most important role for a manager because if he can not find out right people then he will be failed for achieving organisation goals. To find out right people he need to select more productive people who are very much enthusiastic, good behave and first of all who can help organisation for achieving their goals. Training and development: To take right people for their organisation manager manage to give training to make appropriate for work. Because new people do not know what is their main responsibilities and operating system. So manager need to know everybody about their job. And he also makes their as good employee for achieving their goals. By training method manager develop their new employee. Reward remuneration: Employees depend on their organisation for surviving their live. So manager have to pay adequate and equitable. Manger also has to manage reward system like pensions, healthcare, other financially. By rewarding employee get more satisfaction to work. If employees are happier on their organisation then they will work more. Employee relations: Employees relation is another important role of manager. Because manager have to maintain good relations like good behave, easies with employee, reasonable for all, to consider employee with their life (Bloisi, 2007). 2.1 Review different ways of developing flexibility within the workplace in your organization review and explain a model of flexibility within the workplace and illustrate its implementation in your chosen organization. [P4] Atkinsons has given model of flexibility: (Emerald insight, 2010) 2.2 Describe the need for flexibility and the types of flexibility to be considered by an organization and give examples of such implementation in an organization. [P5] Flexible working is not only part time working but also flexible types of working. British Gas can develop by implementing flexibility. By giving flexibility they can get good response from their employee. In the view of case of British Gas they need to flexibility for getting better result themselves. Importance of flexibility: An organisation needs to give flexibility to their employee for developing or achieving their goals. There are different side for flexibility. Organisation can give their customer satisfaction as they need by flexibility. By flexibility organisation can give their staff happiness, better staff motivation. Staffs also get more support for surviving their live. By flexibility organisation can rise up their fertility. Staffs are also more ease with one and another. Finally by flexibility organisation can recruit more enthusiastic, skilled people for their organisation (Equality Challenge Unit, 2010). Types of flexibility: There are different types of flexibility like part-time work, shift time work. Description has given bellow: Part-time working: Part time working means that type of work where employee works standard time or less than full time hour. Flexitime: When employees work in a free time of starting, finishing and take break in order to employer. Staggered hours: Staggered hour can be defined that employee has different starting, finishing and breaking time allowing organisation to open longer hours. Compressed working hours: Compressed hour means that an employee work 40 hours in a week but he wants to work same hour within 5 days. Job sharing: An employee who work as a full time worker but he wants to split between another employee who agree to work with him. Shift swapping: When employee manages their shift among themselves by covering all requirements of organisation. Time off in lieu: Sometime employee work more hour when organisation get peak activity but when organisation get less busy time that time employee go for time off in lieu. Term-time working: It can be described that normally in term time employee work in his organisation like 20hour per week but when his or her school, college or university go to holiday in that time employee work like term time. Annual hours: Annual hour means employee calculates his or her hours annually and the employer decorate shift but employer keep some hours in their hand. When organisation get peak time, then they call them for work. Zero hours contracts: An employee work that hour which his need that is called zero hour (Business link, 2010). 2.3 Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of flexible working practices from both the employee and the employer perspective in your chosen organization. [P6] Flexible working has advantage and disadvantage. In my case study British Gas should take decision after looking advantage and disadvantage of flexible working. British Gas need to achieve their goal so they Have to take decision is it helpful or not. Advantage of flexible working: Advantage of flexible working has given bellow: By flexible working employee can get good health. By flexible working they can reduce their passion. By flexible working employee can spend their life happily. By flexible working responsibilities increase to employee for organisation By flexible working employee and employer can spend their time with their family. By flexible working travel costs decrease. Flexible gives different shift patterns through organisation. And finally flexible working gives more effective time management. Disadvantage of flexible working: As flexible working has advantage so that it has some disadvantage which has given bellow: Sometime employee get downsize salary if he works few hours. Flexible work creates separation from one and another colleague. By flexible work employee feel isolation. Human resource cannot justify honestly the performance of employee. Flexible works creates drawback to promotion (Prospects, 2010). TASK- 02 2.1.1 Describe different forms of discrimination observed by you within a selected organization. [P7] Discrimination: Now-a-days discrimination is the common matter through the world. Discrimination means to give the favour one people less than other people by ethnic, religion, sex and so on. British Gas should omit the discrimination through their employee, by which they can be trusted by their employee. There are different forms of discrimination which has given bellow: Direct discrimination: Direct discrimination is that discrimination where an employ get less favour than other employee to base on age, sex. Indirect discrimination: Indirect discrimination is that discrimination which is occurs on the requirement process of an organisation. Harassment: Harassment is unwelcomed conduct which has the effect of violating an employment performance or making agree sieve, disgraceful, humiliating workplace for employment. Victimisation: Victimisation is occurred to base on some reasons: Create complaint under ACT. Do anything which is unlawful or illegal (Law-Now, 2010). 2.1.2 Review how the legislative framework and any proposed changes relating to discriminate in the workplace can be applied by an organisation. [P8] Legislative framework: Legislative frame work is the process by which an organisation can recruit their employee with equal opportunity and equal opportunity also run in work place. There are some changes relating to discriminate in workplace has given bellow: In 1970 the equal acts covered the equal pay through men and women. In 1974 the rehabilitation offenders act mention an individual does not have to reveal criminal offence if the conviction is deemed spent. In 1975 there is no gender discrimination in marriage and qualification has covered by Sex discrimination acts. In 1976 race relations act mention that race, ethnic, colour and nationality positive action. In 1984 and 1998 discover the act of data protection and implement that protection of data its usage and extension. In 1995 and 1999 the disability discrimination acts has covered the disable people get right commission. In 1998 the public interest disclosure act maintains protection of whistle blowing. In 1998 the employment right mention the reformation of the industrial tribunal system. In 1999 national minimum act rate covered national minimum wage. In 1999 human rights act mention retreat of human rights. Finally it can be said that the above discussion can apply for an organisation for legislative frame work (Bloisi, 2007). 2.1.3 Explain a range of current initiatives and practises which focus on equal opportunities in employment. [P9] British gas need to maintain that equal opportunity policy has given bellow. It needs for this organisation. A range of current initiatives and practises which focus on equal opportunities in employment has given bellow: Employer develops an equal opportunities policy, covering recruitment, promotion and training. They set an action plan with targets so that employer and their staff have a clear idea of what can be achieved and when. They asses the present position to establish their starting point and monitor progress in achieving their objectives. They review their recruitment, selection and training procedures regularly, to ensure that they are delivering on their policy. Employer draw up clear and justifiable job criteria which are demonstrably objective and job related. Employer develops links with local community groups, organisations and schools, in order to reach a wider pool of potential applicants (Bloisi, 2007). 2.1.5 Compare and contrast equal opportunities and managing diversity at work place. [P10] Compare between equal opportunities and managing diversity has given bellow: Base on drivers for change: Equal opportunity drive externally but managing diversity drive internally. Equal opportunity rests on proper and sound arguments and managing diversity rests on business case. Equal opportunity appreciates EO as a cost and it appreciate as investment. Degree of combination: Equal opportunities are operational and managing diversity is strategic. Equal opportunity corporate with process but managing diversity corporate with outcomes. Sensation of difference: Equal opportunity sensate as other and managing diversity sensate as asset. Focus of action: Equal opportunity focus on group discrimination and managing diversity focus on improvement for individuals. It is group of initiatives and it is universal of initiatives. It supported by narrow positivist knowledge base and it is supported by pluralistic knowledge base (His academy, 2010). TASK- 03 3.1.1 Explain different models of performance management in practice. [P11] Performance management Performance management is the subject by which an organisations manager can justify that employees making match organisation goals. It has three parts: It gives the information what types of idea of performance are consistent to the job. It can evaluate the relevant idea of employee performance. It gives the comment by which employee can justify their performance to suit their organisation goals. Armstrong and Baron (2004) define performance management as a process which contributes to the effective management of individuals and terms in order to achieve high levels of organisational performance. As such, it establishes shared understanding about what is to be achieved and an approach developing people which will ensure that is achieved. Functions of performance management: There are three functions of performance management. Strategic function: Performance management must be able to find where employees are matching their work with organisations goal. For doing this organisation need to know in which place it is occurring. For doing this strategic function they have flexible because of flexibility can change the goal and nature of organisations. Sometime some organisations fail to do this then they like administrative and development function. Administrative function: Every organisation has to pay their employee and for getting popularity they do promotion, besides this they have to make retention, redundancy. So many of the organisation use administrative function for doing this job. Development function: By doing development function managers of any organisation can realize when an employee doing his or her job well and can be improve themselves. But normally without performance appraisal it is not possible to measure the poor performance of employee and by this employee also improve them. Performance appraisal: Performance appraisal is the way by which manager can evaluate and justify the employee performance. By this if employee performance shows poor then manger can improve them. Objectives of performance management: Shortly an objective of performance is SMART which can be explained by Specific, Measureable, Achievable, Relevant and Time bound (Bloisi, 2007). 3.1.3 Critically evaluate different human resource practices in the workplace. [P12] Human resource practises in workplace is very important for any organisation. So British Gas needs to practises the human resource for developing their organisation. They have followed the bellow types of practises: Mandatory meeting with producer and department manger: An organisation have to create meeting with producer and manger about the performance, training need or not, quantity of success and so on. Recruiting: Organisation have to find out in which department they have to recruit, what kinds of people are allowed to apply and they should give the position which they need. Finally they have to provide their every through their web site. Open book management style: An organisation have to mange open book management system like sharing the business report and the position of their organisation in market. Bonuses: An organisation has mange bonuses for employee. By this way employee can know how their performance in organisation and the amount of profit of organisation. It will be helpful for organisation. 360 degree performance management feedback system: It is the feedback for employee to know the performance of their. If any organisation gives this to employee then employee will be touch about their performance which can be bear better result for organisation. Keeping it legal: Organisation must keep everything legal by which people and employee can trust to the organisation (Archives IGDA, 2010). 3.1.4 Evaluate the impact of globalization on issues such as human resource planning. [P13] Every organisation has impact of globalisation. British Gas has to maintain and realize impact of globalisation. Impact of globalisation has given bellow: For globalisation, human resource planning increased economic independence of nation. Capital, information and technology flows are in the increase. Organisation competition are going base on innovation. Organisations of globalisation are large extent and beyond national boundaries. Human resource can apply for reasonable products or necessary things from other country. Globalisation has started new technology through the world on human resource planning. The nature of organisation and employee has changed for this. For globalisation, human resources have to extend their service section (All Experts, 2010). 3.1.5 Review the impact of different national cultures and practices human resource professionals can employ to manage a culturally diverse workforce. [P14] British Gas need to know the impact of different national practises and human resource professionals can employ to manage culturally diverse workforce. Approaches to culture diversity, there are some approaches to cultural diversity. They are knowledge, respect, and search for unity in diversity. Management workplace diversity: Manager needs to change from an ethnocentric view to a culturally relative perspective. There are different practises that manager can adopt in ensuring effective management in workplace diversity in order to attain organisations goal: Planning a monitoring programme is the best way to give feedback to employee about their workforce by culturally. Organising talents strategically about the employee base is another important human resource professional practise. By motivational approaching organisation can improve their employee performance for getting organisation goal. Gain sharing means an organisation which gain that should be shared (All Experts, 2010). Conclusion: I believe that I have written all of criteria from my case study. Finally managing human resource is the helpful for all organisation and employee.

Financial Analysis: PepsiCo Beats Coca-Cola Essay -- Pepsi, Coke, busi

Pepsi vs. Coke the epic battle that every American and from the looks of their financial statements possibly everyone in the world must deal with does it have a winner. For the fiscal year 2005 it certainly does through analyzing financial statements with vertical, horizontal, and ratio analysis investors are able to clearly decide who the better choice for their investment is. By careful scruitiny and attention to detail any investor can safely put their money in a buiseness as an investment so long as they are adhering to rules and regulations of the GAAP. Using the tools for financial analysis and the information given I will determine the winner of that battle for 2005 at least from the investors point of view. In our literature it states that a â€Å"vertical analysis evaluates financial statement data by expressing each item in a financial statement as a percent of a base amount.† I chose to look vertically at current assets and liabilities, of both companies so I can compare these figures between Coca-Cola and PepsiCo to find out who is in better current standing. Current assets Vs. Total Assets for PepsiCo: ( 2005) 10454/ 31727 = approx. 33% of total assets are current (2004) 8639/ 27987 = approx. 31% of total assets are current Now we will look at the current liabilities vs. total liabilities for PepsiCo (2005) 9406/ 17476 = approx. 54% of the total liabilities are current (2004) 6752/ 14464 = approx. 47% of the total liabilities are current Current assets Vs. Total Assets for Coca-Cola: 2005) 10250/ 29427 =Approx. 35% Current 2004) 12281/ 31441 = Approx 39% Current And we will look at the current liabilities vs. total liabilities for Coca-Cola: 2005) 9836/ 29427 = Approx. 33% Current 2004... ...id volume growth for 2005†¦The company said it earned $864 million, or 36 cents a share, in the fourth quarter, a 28 percent drop from the year before. However, excluding one-time charges, the company earned 46 cents per share, a penny ahead of analysts' expectations. One-time items included taxes on repatriated foreign earnings and a charge related to a bottling investment.(Wilbert, 06)† It is a sad day when you have a 28% drop year over year and exceed â€Å"Wall Street expectations.† If I were in their shoes I would do whatever I had to do to entice consumers to put their hard earned cash back in my company even at the cost lower profitability sell for less but sell more†¦hey it works for Wal-Mart why not you to Coca-Cola. Until they change their investment and marketing strategies I would steer clear of investing in any new Coca-Cola stock for more than a few years.

The Physics of Basketball Essay examples -- Science Sports Athletics E

The Physics of Basketball There are many aspects to the game of basketball and physics can be applied to all of them. Although to be good at basketball it is not necessary to play it from a physics point of view. Basketball players become good by developing muscle memory for the actions that must be performed in the game of basketball from years of practice. Nevertheless knowing some of the physics in the game of basketball can help a good player be a better player. In this paper I will cover the three most important aspects of the game, shooting, dribbling and passing. The most important part of the game of basketball is shooting the basketball, after all the object of the game is to put the basketball through the basket. A shot is taken by a player pushing on the ball and launching it toward the basket and upon the ball hitting the rim or backboard physics refers to this action as a contact force. Using this concept of contact force a shot can be calculated exactly. From a player’s height, the mass of the ball and a given position on the court which would include the distance from the basket it is possible to calculate the exact angle and force the shooter must apply to make a basket every time he or she shoots the ball. Of course if it were this easy basketball would not be as fun to watch or play. The problem with hitting a shot every time with the calculated angle and force is that the ball would have to travel toward the basket with the exact angle and force calculated for that particular shot. What makes this difficult is that the musc les in our body would have to be controlled flawlessly to push the ball with the exact amount of force and to give the ball the exact angle that is needed every time a shot is taken... ...the more energy is lost and the less the ball bounces back. The less denting that occurs, the more energy is kept and the higher the ball bounces back. Physics can be used to explain a lot of things. In this paper I described some basic concepts in physics that are relevant to basketball, particularly the three main parts of basketball, shooting, dribbling and passing. So the next time you are out shooting some hoops just think of all the physics that are being applied and you could be one step away from being a physicist, and have fun. Works Cited Kirkpatric, Larry; Wheeler, Gerald, Physics A World View, fourth edition Schmidt, Michael; Oberlies, James; Moogan, Kevien, The Physics of Basketball, 2002 http://www.sjprep.org/bio/basketball7/ Willis, Bill; The Physics of Basketball, 2001, http://www.geocities.com/thesciencefiles/physicsof/basketball.html/

The Film O brother, where art thou? Essay -- Film Movies Movie Art T

The Film "O brother, where art thou?" The film O brother, where art thou? is set in the Great Depression of the 1930’s and emphasizes the struggle between the upper and lower classes by using a variety of cinematic devices. Through the use of these cinematic devices and comedic relief the realities of the Depression are viewed without creating a stark, melancholy, documentary-styled film. Examples in this film of these cinematic devices used to show these realities include: bleak colors, contrasting of light and dark colors, long shots, high-angle shots, and spherical camera lenses. These particular devices provide a glimpse at the realities of the oppression, poverty and despair of many of the American people during this time. From the start of the film it is apparent what time frame it is taking place in and the differences in the social stratification through the lack of colors. One of the most obvious portrayals of the bleakness and desperation of the era is the overall faded and washed-out look of the whole film, due to manipulation of the film saturation; the heaviness of it almost cries out to the audience. Though the film was shot during the summer, cinematographer Roger Deakins and Cinesite colorist Julias Friede were able to use digital technology to change the appearance of the colors. â€Å"Together, they worked on manipulating the [digital] saturation of the images, and in particular selecting the greens of the trees and grass and turning them into dry browns and yellows† (Escaping, 2). These dry brown and yellows enhance the audience’s impression of the desperation of the characters and the time period. Brown is a prominent color shown not only in the overall appearance but in the sp... ...ts was very distinguishable. This film captures this class distinction without subduing the atmosphere through the use of a variety of cinematic devices, â€Å" A good film is not a bag of cinematic devices but the embodiment, through devices, of a vision, an underlying theme† (Barnett, 274). The audience can see this theme of the realities of the oppression, poverty and despair of this time period through the use of the things mentioned, but also through the character development that is driven by the character’s hopelessness. Each of the characters associated with the lower class is motivated by the conditions, which are viewed through the cinematic devices mentioned above: color, spherical lenses, long shots, and high angle shots. Sources Cited: â€Å"Escaping From the Chain Gang.† October 2000. 25 July 2002 <http://www.theasc.com/magazine/oct00/brother/pg1.htm>.

Indian Tourism Development Corporation Essay

India is really a gorgeous place of beaches, amazing monuments, breathtaking temples and architectural mosques, ash smeared sadhus and beyond the entire of magnificent Taj. Thereby, why can’t write your tourism in India essay conclusion by describing the beauty of the place and how it is unique for the visitors? If needs you can also write about the amazing traditions and culture about India. The Indian Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) initiated ‘Incredible India’ campaign in 2005 to support and promote the tourism sector in India. You can also mention it in your tourism in India essay conclusion. Conclusion is really the key aspect of every essay. So, your essay will greatly reflect the conclusion and introduction divisions. Words are few to explain the beauty of India. India is a country with diversified culture and traditions. The natural beauty of India, festivals, dresses, heritage sites of India are very popular among tourists. These things fascinate t ravelers to come here. India has so many scenic blesses places like Kerala, Darjeeling, Goa, Kashmir, Shimla(I am just having few names) and Manali. These places are very popular. These places are prime attraction of travelers from across the world. Come, Seek and Discover. Match India’s rhythms to your heart, its colours to your mind, and find a travel experience that is yours alone. An India like no other. Friendly, warm, welcoming †¦ and uniquely your own. to most of the touristers india is still a virgin country , yet to be explored , may be the main reason is that the tourism ministry had done nothing specific to promote it., Tourism is the commercial organization and operation of vacations and visits to places of interest. Tourism is commonly associated with trans-national travel, but may also refer to travel to another location within the same country. The most important economic feature of activities related to the tourism sector is that they contribute to three high-priority goals of developing countries: the generation of income, employment, and foreign-exchange earnings. Types of Tourism Adventure travel‎ Agritourism‎ Geotourism‎ Medical tourism Space  tourism‎ Medical Tourism Medical Tourism involves people who travel to a different place to receive treatment for a disease, or a surgical procedure, and who are seeking lower cost of healthcare and higher quality of care.

Preparation for Chinese New Year Essay

Preparations for the New Year begin a couple of weeks before the big day. This is a fun time full of anticipation and joy as we get ready for the thrill and excitement of the celebrations. According to the traditions, this is the time to clean the house, prepare food for the feast and make banners and decorations special for the New Year. A clean house to welcome the New Year Before the New Year comes, it is one of the Chinese New Year customs to clean the house from top to bottom to get rid off all the bad luck gathered in the previous year. And after the New Year comes, you cannot sweep during the first days otherwise all the new luck will sweep away! So one of your Chinese New Year activities will be to†¦ clean your room! Wouldn’t want all that accumulated bad luck for another year would you!! Cleaning house also means settling all your unfinished business to start fresh for the new year: Pay off all your debts, resolve all quarrels with friends, catch up with homework!!! Make some Banners and Decorations Red banners with New Year messages of good luck decorate the main entrance of your house/room. Red is a very lucky color and symbolizes vitality of life and happiness. You can make your own Chinese New Year decorations with bright red paper and markers or a brush if you prefer. Here are some instructions to make your own New Year Banners including the â€Å"Lucky Characters† stroke by stroke. Preparing the Chinese New Year Banquet On New Year’s Day, the families come together to celebrate and everything must be ready for this important fest. Food must be prepared ahead of time, as one of the popular Chinese New Year superstitions dictates that all knives must be put away. Using a knife during the first days of the New Year â€Å"cuts off† all the good luck for the coming year. The New Year’s feast takes many days to prepare. These are some of the traditional chinese new year foods served on New Year’s day and throughout the festivities: * meat dumplings for good luck * tangerines for good fortune * apples for peace * sweet rice cakes for more wealth every year * fish for plenty * veggies with long noodles for long life * chicken for wealth * mustard greens for a green year for farmers * soup means everything better than last year * oranges for money and wealth * shrimp for abundance Paying respects to the Ancestors The New Year Celebrations can only begin after paying respect to the ancestors. On New Year’s Eve, people will go to the temples and pray for good fortune for the new year. They bring offerings of food and incense to please the spirits of the deceased so that they might bring good luck. So now that all the preparations are done with, the long-awaited day arrives and the New Year’s festivities can begin! Chinese New Year Preparation Preparing for the Chinese New Year begins on personal and social front and can start months before the New Year. These preparations are made in the hope to usher the New Year in the best context possible. Most people try to settle their debts with friends before the New Year so that they can start the New Year debt free. However, this settling of debt often refers to debt between friends and do not include home or car loans with financial institutions. These are considered as investments. Many people will also check predictions of their luck in the New Year. The Chinese calendar has a 60 year cycle and each year is presided by a star. Everyone has a star that corresponds with the year of birth. This birth star may conflict with next year’s presiding star, çŠ ¯Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¥ ²  creating difficulties in work, business or personal life. To avoid or minimize the impact, rituals can be conducted at temples before the New Year. During the dates for these rituals, temples are often crow ded with devotees. Nearer to the New Year families start their spring cleaning to welcome the New Year. This is the period when new furniture or minor renovations will be undertaken. Chinese New Year decorations such as couplets, banners are used to create a festive atmosphere. A major activity before the New Year is the exchange of gifts. Most of the gift items have symbolic meanings or status symbols to demonstrate good will or to express good wishes. New Year gifts can be presented to family, friends and between companies. Popular items include New Year cakes, Niangao, Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã§ ³â€¢ in auspicious shapes, Mandarin oranges, Bakkwa (BBQ meat), sweets, candies, chocolates and hampers. New Year cards è ´ ºÃ¥ ¹ ´Ã¥  ¡ are also sent to family members, friends and business contacts. A few weeks before the Chinese New Year, markets and fairs specializing in New Year goods can be found in most cities. These markets offer foodstuff, candies, New Year decorations, flowers, clothes, New Year CDs and almost everything required for the New Year. These items are bought as gifts, for home consumption or used to entertain visiting family members or guests. These New Year markets often end in the early hours of New Year’s day. Many people visit these markets after their reunion dinner and stay till after midnight to buy the items at huge discounts.

He published Poor Richard’s Almanac and the Pennsylvania Gazette

Benjamin Franklin will always be one of America’s greatest influential leaders. He’s known for his tremendous contributions in the world of politics, science, philosophy, among others. His discoveries and theories in electricy made him a significant figure in physics. During the American revolution, Franklin was able to secure the French alliance making independence a reality. Franklin was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 17, 1706. According to Houston (2004), Franklin took his knowledge in printing from his older brother and became a newspaper editor, printer and merchant in Philadelphia.He published Poor Richard's Almanac and the Pennsylvania Gazette during his stint in England (Houston, 2004). When in the united States, he is behind the establishment of the first public lending library and fire department. Benjamin went to Boston Latin School but was not able to graduate instead, he continued his education through tremendous reading. When he was 17 years old, Franklin went to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to seek a new start in a new city. There he worked in several printer shops.After several months, Franklin was persuaded by Pennsylvania Governor Sir William Keith to go to London, purposely to achieve the necessary equipment for establishing another newspaper in Philadelphia. He returned to Philadelphia in 1726 with the help of a merchant named Thomas Denham, who gave Franklin a position as clerk, shopkeeper, and bookkeeper in Denham's merchant business. The Author, Inventor, Philosopher, National Hero, etc. A person’s character was so important to Franklin. To cultivate his own character, he developed thirteen virtues at the age of 20 which became his guiding principles all throughout his life.These virtues, as mentioned in Houston’s book (2004) as well as other references on the life and works of Franklin, are lested below with their corresponding meanings: 1. Temperance which he meant as to eat not to dullness, drink not to elevation. 2. Silence is the next virtue which goes to mean that speak not but what may benefit others or yourself, avoid trifling conversation. 3. The virtue of Order directly means, let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time. 4. Resolution.Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve. 5. Frugality. Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself. What he wanted everyone to understand was to waste nothing. 6. Industry. Lose no time; be always employed in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions. 7. Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly. 8. Justice. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty. † 9. Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve.10. Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, cloaths, or habitation. 11. Tranquility. Be not disturbed at trif les, or at accidents common or unavoidable. 12. Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation. 13. And the last virtue is Humility wherein he emphasized that we should imitate jesus and Socrates who according to him were the greatest examples of people who practiced humility. These virtues are indeed powerful and may be adopted by anyone.They were purposely created by franklin to make a person’s character stronger. Among other things, Franklin was so fascinated in science and technology. Famous from his line of inventions attached to his name are the lightning rod, the Franklin stove, catheter, swimfins, glass harmonica and bifocals. His contributions in electricity earned him recognitions such as the one from the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1753 and in 1756 he became one of the few eighteenth century Americans to be elected as a Fellow of the Society.The cgs unit of electri c charge has been named after him: one franklin (Fr) is equal to one statcoulomb. Steven M. Gillon and Cathy D. Matson (2003) illustrated that franklin also played a major role with the establishment of the University of Pennsylvania and Franklin and Marshall College. In fact, in 1769 he was elected the first president of the American Philosophical Society Held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge. Perhaps, the most lasting legacy of Benjamin Franklin is the appearance of his image in the American $100 bill.These days, $100 bills are often referred to as â€Å"Benjamins† or â€Å"Franklins† as mentioned by authors Gillon and Matson (2003). The city of Philadelphia is a living tribute to Franklin with about 5,000 likenesses of Benjamin Franklin in the city’s various areas. When he returned to the United States in 1762 after his stay in London, Franklin became actively involved in the Paxton Boys' affair, writing a sarcastic attack on their massacre of C hristian American Indians and eventually asking them to break up.A lot of the Paxton Boys' supporters were Scotch-Irish Presbyterians and German Reformed or Lutherans from the rural west of Pennsylvania, leading to allegations that Franklin was biased in favor of the urban Quaker elite of the East (Gillon and Matson 2003). These attacks led to Franklin losing a seat in the 1764 Assembly elections. This occasion became an opportunity for him to return to London earning the reputation of being a pro-American radical. Houston (2004) noted that Franklin was dispatched to England as an agent for the colony in 1764 to petition the King to take over the government from the hands of the proprietors.This visit would also become instrumental in becoming the colonial agent for Georgia, New Jersey and Massachusetts. While he was living in London in 1768, he improved a phonetic alphabet in A Scheme for a new Alphabet and a Reformed Mode of Spelling. This new format discarded six letters which he believed were redundant and substituted six new letters for sounds he felt lacked letters of their own; however, his new alphabet never caught on and he eventually lost interest. When Franklin arrived in Philadelphia on May 5, the American Revolution has been going on with battles at Lexington and Concord.With this development, he was chosen by the Pennsylvania Assembly as their official delegate to the Second Continental Congress (Gillon and Matson 2003). Then In 1776 he became a member of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence and was part of the group responsible in making several small changes to Thomas Jefferson's draft. In 1787 he served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia where he played an dignified role, but seldom participated in debate.Franklin, according to Houston (2004) is the only Founding Father who is a signatory of all four of the major documents of the founding of the United States which include the Declarati on of Independence, the Treaty of Paris, the Treaty of Alliance with France, and the United States Constitution. Benjamin Franklin died at the age of 84 in April 17, 1790. His funeral was historically graced by about 20,000 people (Gillon and Matson 2003). He was laid to his final resting place at the Christ Church Burial Ground in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.This is actually the same church which is also the home of Benjamin Rush. One of the houses he lived in Craven Street was previously marked with a blue plaque, and has since been opened to the public as the Benjamin Franklin House which has attracted tourists from across the globe. In 1728, according to Gillon and Matson (2003) when he was just a young man, Franklin wrote the following words to be his own epitaph: â€Å"The Body of B. Franklin Printer; Like the Cover of an old Book, Its Contents torn out, And stript of its Lettering and Gilding, Lies here, Food for Worms.But the Work shall not be wholly lost: For it will, as he believ'd, appear once more, In a new & more perfect Edition, Corrected and Amended By the Author. He was born on January 17, 1706. Died 17. † But in his will, Franklin's actual grave simply reads â€Å"Benjamin and Deborah Franklin. † Works Cited: Alan Houston, ed. Franklin: The Autobiography and other Writings on Politics, Economics, and Virtue. Cambridge U. Press, 2004. 371 pp. Steven M. Gillon and Cathy D. Matson. The American Experiment: A History of the United States, Volume II: Since 1865 (Boston: Houghton Mif

History of Ancient Philosophy Paper Essay

Recall that at Apology 37d, â€Å"It would be a fine life for me, indeed, a man of my age, to go into exile and spend his life exchanging one city for another, because he’s always being expelled (C. D. C. Reeve, P-Apology 37d)† Admittedly, Socrates could probably have avoided death by recommending exile if he wanted to, but he chose not to do so. Then, what exactly, was in his mind? After having been sentenced to death, Socrates was sleeping in his prison cell awaiting his execution. Early in the morning, Crito visits Socrates and attempts to persuade him to escape the city before the execution. If we look into their dialogues, Socrates suggests examining whether he should do what Crito advises or not, defining himself as â€Å"a person who listens to nothing within him but the argument that on rational reflection seems best to him† (C. D. C. Reeve, P-Crito 46b). Here, Socrates seems to claim that he does not know anything, so will choose to do what appears to be the best to him through examining. Socrates uses this unique method of examining throughout the books of Apology, Crito and Republic by continuously questioning to figure out what seems the best. Then, the question is, what does he mean by â€Å"best† in the statement? I argue that it is neither his life nor his family, but what is just or justice. It seems to me that Socrates’ statement at Crito 46b reflects his personal philosophy that one should examine his action whether it is just or unjust before performing it. According to Socrates, one should perform the action that is just and should not perform if it is an unjust action after examining. A great example demonstrating this point can be found in Apology, where Socrates states â€Å"You’re not thinking straight, sir, if you think that a man who’s any use at all should give any opposing weight to the risk of living or dying, instead of looking to this alone whenever he does anything: whether his actions are just or unjust, the deeds of a good or bad man (C. D. C. Reeve, P-Apology 28b). † This passage clearly demonstrates Socrates’ character and personal philosophy. Socrates was a person who examines and chooses to do what is just even if the consequence of it were catastrophic—even death. In this passage, even in the situation of his own life at stake, Socrates argues that a man who’s any use at all, or I interpret this as a wise man, should not worry about life or death, but should examine what is just before performing an action; that is, the determining factor of performing an action should be based on what is just but nothing else. It seems to me that he could have avoided death if he does not say what he does in the passage. However, he is the person who is persuaded by nothing within himself but the argument that appears to be the best to him, which is justice, as he states at Crito 46b. Therefore, he chooses to do what is just at the court regardless of the consequence of it as he does so as well later after the sentence. Another great example that demonstrates Socrates’ point would be the passage at Crito 54c. In this passage, he also reflects his personal philosophy that one should examine himself before performing an action and should not perform it if it is an unjust action. â€Å"†¦Don’t put a higher value on children, on life, or on anything else than on what’s just†¦. suppose you return injustice for injustice and bad treatment for bad treatment in that shameful way, breaking your agreements and commitments with us and doing bad things to those whom you should least of all treat in that way†¦ (C. D. C. Reeve, P-Crito 54c)† Once again, it seems that Socrates emphasizes that doing what is just is the highest value in life. Undauntedly loyal to his moral principles, Socrates refuses to leave Athens because he believed that it would be not only contrary to his moral principles, but also unjust to the city. In fact, he believed that it is just in him to awaken the sleeping city, and to convince people what is truly important— justice. It seems clear to me that Socrates’ main concern was to examine himself before his action and perform what is just as he confesses at Crito 54d as follows: â€Å"That, Crito, my dear friend, is what I seem to hear them saying, you may be sure. † Therefore, he listens to what seems best to him and does not escape the city. However, it is questionable to me that if it is just to follow unjust laws. I am tempted to think that it would be more just to fight for just laws than merely to follow unjust laws because when I think of the holocaust victims, I do not think of them as just people, but merely unfair victims of injustice. Despite this, I think that his faithfulness to what he believed to be just is truly admirable. In my speculative opinion, being so enthusiastic to know the truth, Socrates, maybe and only maybe, wanted to know what it is after his death and to free his soul in best condition. Or, maybe he wanted to teach that what he believed to be just is more important than his life. Overall, Socrates suggests that life is worth living only if one does the just actions through the philosophical process of examining himself. I find that his character is very inspiring because doing what is just regardless of its consequences takes a great deal of courage. Work Cited Reeve, C. D. C. A Plato reader: eight essential dialogues. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Pub. Co. , 2012. Print.

Ethics Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Ethics Assignment - Essay Example This is the salient issue for Rockwood's suit against Becton Dickinson: The distinction between rights and responsibilities. Case Facts Rockwood's suit against Dickinson has a long history, but the issue is simple. Dickinson did not create a wide enough range of sizes for their patented product, causing hospitals to instead embrace unsafe practices with needlepricking instead of the Dickinson safety syringe. Rockwood alleges that doing so led directly and predictably to injury. The legal issues behind this are obviously complex, but the ethical issues are possible to discuss. The assumptions behind the allegation of Dickinsons' liability are clear. Ethical Issues Issues at stake here are 1. Public health. It's not just that Rockwood got sick, but she got sick with a communicable disease. 2. Corporate strategy. Corporations need to pursue a wide range of strategies in the marketplace without fear of eventual suing simply because they didn't offer a product. 3. The bounds of the law. L aw should only be able to go so far in legislating morality. Ethical Dilemma Should the Court violate Dickinson's potential right to pursue their product array as they see fit, or should they take them to task for failing to protect Rockwood? Analysis A rights-based analysis would deliver differing opinions depending on the rights they enshrine. Someone emphasizing rights to life, health or responsible treatment might argue that Rockwood not only has a right to pursue a suit and receive compensation but also an obligation to do so. But many rights-based analyses such as market libertarians' analyses would emphasize the rights of the company to provide the services they wish. Advocates like Milton Friedman, Nozick and Murray Rothbard would argue that Dickinson had made a calculation, even if misguided or potentially immoral or callous, that they would not provide the services and goods they created with their own hard work in a particular fashion. This is their inviolable right, in t his view, and thus they cannot be sued or brought to task legally in any fashion. Dickinson was satisfying their only obligation worth discussing: The obligation to their shareholders. Under this view, an individual has absolute control over their labor and property. Whatever they made under conditions of justice (e.g. no theft, fraud or embezzlement) is theirs. Dickinson had no responsibility to provide a different product. It is absurd to take them to court for not providing a product! They did no wrong and in fact performed their duty: Enlarging market share for shareholders. A utilitarian analysis, on the other hand, would point out that what Dickinson did was not in the interest of the greatest good for the greatest number. Dickinson had no compelling reason: They could have made more money by providing their safety needles in different sizes. The court should rule in the favor of Rockwood, in the utilitarian view, as a matter of social policy and justice: What Dickinson did wa s unethical and inappropriate. A utilitarian might end up admitting that, under the law, Rockwood had no case, but still argue that Dickinson had committed wrong. Distributive justice is concerned with the distribution of goods across society